As a vital transit area for major maritime routes connecting Asia, the Pacific, and the Middle East, the Indian Ocean occupies a central place in global economic and strategic balances. This importance is also reflected in the diversity and complexity of the threats to its maritime security.

Indeed, the year 2024 was marked by an intensification of challenges: proliferation of illicit trafficking (drugs, weapons, human beings), illegal fishing, smuggling, Houthi attacks in the Red Sea and piracy, still present in the background, reminds us of the need for sustained vigilance.

The deterioration of the situation in the Red Sea and the Bab El Mandeb Strait marked the year 2024. The reorientation of maritime traffic towards the Cape of Good Hope disrupted the usual routes, further exposing coastal states to new risks: loss of containers at sea, increased collisions and pollution threats, particularly off the coasts of Mozambique and South Africa.